¡¡

ÎåÃ÷ѧϰ£º ÄÚÃ÷£º ¾»ÍÁ×Ú £ü ìø×Ú £ü ÃÜ×Ú £ü ³Éʵ×Ú £ü µØÂÛ×Ú £ü ·¨Ïà×Ú £ü »ªÑÏ×Ú £ü ÂÉ×Ú £ü ÄÏ´« £ü ÄùÅÌ×Ú £ü Åþê¼×Ú £ü ÈýÂÛ×Ú £ü ÉãÂÛ×Ú £ü Ìį̀×Ú £ü ×ÛÂÛ £ü ÆäËü £ü »¤³Ö
¡¡
¡¡

´ÓÔµÆðÂ۽ǶȽâÎö·¨ÏàΨʶѧ£¨Ö®Ò»£©

·¢²¼ÈË£ºadmin   ÏÂÔØDOC¸ñʽÎĵµ    ΢ÐÅ·ÖÏí     

¡¡
¡¡
¡¡    

´ÓÔµÆðÂ۽ǶȽâÎö·¨ÏàΨʶѧ£¨Ö®Ò»£©
¡¡¡¡Ô­·¢±íÓÚ¡¶Áéɽº£»á¡·µÚ¶þÊ®ÈýÆÚ£¬2007Äê´º£¬ÂÔÓиĶ¯
¡¡¡¡×÷ÕߣºÃÏÁì
¡¡¡¡ÓÉÊÍåÈIJÄᣨ·ðÍÓ£©¿ª´´µÄÔµÆðÂÛ[1]£¬¼ÈÇå³ýÁËÓîÖæµÄÔìÎïÖ÷£¬Ò²Çå³ýÁËÈËÉúµÄÖ÷Ô×Éñ£¬ÎªÈ˵Ä×ðÑϺÍÖÇ»ÛÀªÇåÁ˵ØÅÌ£¬ÆäËùÕÑʾµÄÒâÖ¾×ÔÓɺÍÍêÈ«ÔðÈÎÏàͳһµÄµÀµÂÂÉÁÒÔ¼°×ªÈ¾³É¾»µÄÐÐΪ·½Ê½£¬Ê¹·ð½ÌÔÚÈËÀà˼ÏëÊ·ÉϾßÓжÀÌصÄ÷ÈÁ¦£¬³ÉΪÈËÃǽ¨¹¹ÐÄÁéÖÈÐòºÍÉç»áÖÈÐòÈ¡Ö®²»½ßµÄ˼ÏëԴȪ¡£ÈκαȽÏÑÏÕûµÄÕÜѧÌåϵ£¬±¾Éí¾ÍÊÇÒ»¸ö·½·¨ÂÛÌåϵ¡£Ñо¿·ð½ÌÔµÆð˼Ï룬ÓÐÀûÓÚ´Ó˼ÏëÉÏËݱ¾ÇåÔ´£¬ÊáÀí·ð½ÌÀíÂÛÊÇÈçºÎÑݱäµÄ£¬Í¬Ê±ÆÀÅзð½Ì˼ÏëÓ¦¸ÃÈçºÎÑݱ䡣
¡¡¡¡Ò»¡¢ÎÊÌâµÄÌá³ö
¡¡¡¡ÔµÆðÂÛÊÇ·ð½Ì˼ÏëµÄÖáÐÄ£¬Òþº¬×Å·ð½ÌµÄÈ«²¿°ÂÃØ¡£ÔÚ¶þǧ¶àÄêµÄ·ð½ÌÊ·ÉÏ£¬·ð½ÌÒåѧÑÝ»¯Îª¼«ÆäÅÓÔÓ¶øÓַḻµÄ˼ÏëÌåϵ£¬ÅÉϵÁÖÁ¢¾­µäºÆå«¡£¸÷ÅɱðÔÚ²»Í¬Ê±ÆںͲ»Í¬µØÓòÖÐÓÖÏÔÏÖ³ö²»Í¬Ìص㲢Ï໥Èںϣ¬Ë¼ÏëµÄÅÓÔÓºÍÓÃÓïµÄ¼èɬ£¬Ê¹·ðѧ³ÉΪÄÑÖÎ֮ѧ¡£¾¡¹Ü·ðѧÌåϵÅÓÔÓ£¬µ«²¢·ÇÈ«ÎÞ¹æÔò¿ÉÑ­¡£ÔÚ¹ÅÓ¡¶È£¬·ðÍÓÈëÃðºó£¬²¿ÅɾºÐË£¬ÓÐÊ®°Ë²¿»ò¶þÊ®²¿Ö®Ëµ£»ºóÓдó³ËÐËÆ𣬽øÈë´óС²¢ÐÐʱÆÚ¡£³õ¡¢ÖÐÆÚ´ó³ËÓÖ·ÖΪÖйÛѧ¡¢Î¨Ê¶Ñ§ºÍÈçÀ´²ØѧÈý´óÁ÷£¬ºÏÁ÷µÄºóÆÚ´ó³ËÑÝ»¯³ÉÃ̡ܽ£´Ó°¢ÓýÍõʱÆÚÆ𣬷ð½Ì½¥¾ß¹ú¼ÊÓ°ÏìÁ¦£¬¿ìËÙÏòÍâ´«²¥£¬¾Íºë´«µØÓò¿´£¬´«Í³ÉÏÓÐÄÏ´«¡¢ºº´«ºÍ²Ø´«Èý´óϵ£¬½üÊÀÓÖ´«ÈëÅ·ÃÀ¼°ÆäËû¹ú¶È£¬ÎµÎª´ó¹Û¡£ËäÈ»¸÷¹ú·ðѧ¶¼ÊÇÎÄ»¯ÈÚ»áµÄ½á¹û£¬¶¼Óб¾ÍÁÎÄ»¯µÄÓ°×Ó£¬µ«×÷Ϊ·ð½ÌµÄÒ»Ö§£¬Ë¼ÏëÈÔÖ²¸ùÓÚÓ¡¶È¡£Òò´Ë£¬ÓûÑо¿¸÷¹ú·ðѧµÄ˼ÏëÔ¨Ô´£¬±ØÐëÏÈÀåÇåÓ¡¶È·ðѧµÄʵ¼ÊÁ÷±ä¡£Ó¡¶È·ðѧ¾¡¹ÜÓдóС¶þÂÖÇÒÅÉϵÁÖÁ¢£¬µ«Æä¸ùÔ´¾ÍÊÇ·ðÍÓ¿ªÊ¾µÄÔµÆðÂÛ¡£ºóÊÀ·ð½ÌµÄ¸÷×Ú¸÷ÅÉ£¬¶¼Ô´×Ô¶Ô·ðÍÓÔµÆðÂ۵IJ»Í¬½â¶ÁºÍÚ¹ÊÍ¡£Í¨¹ý¶Ô·ð½ÌÔµÆðÂÛµÄÑо¿£¬²»½ö¿ÉÒÔÈÏʶµ½¸÷ÖÖ·ð½Ì˼ÏëÊÇÈçºÎÑÝ»¯µÄ£¬¶øÇÒ»¹¿ÉÒÔ̽¾¿ËüÓ¦¸ÃÈçºÎÑÝ»¯£¬²¢¶Ô·ð½Ì˼Ïë½øÐÐÕûÌå°ÑÎպͿ͹ÛÆÀ¼Û¡£
¡¡¡¡ÔµÆðÂÛÊÇ·ð½ÌµÄÃüÂö¡£·ðÍÓÅúÅеؼ̳ÐÁ˵±Ê±Éç»áµÄ¸÷ÖÖ˼Ï룬ÒÀÆäͨ´ïµÄÖǻۺÍÉî¿ÌµÄÌåÎò£¬·¢ÏÖÁËÔµÆðÖ®µÀ£¬ÑÝʾÁËÔµÆðÂÛ£¬´ËΪ·ð·¨Ö®Ê¼¡£·ð½ÌÖ®ÐËÔÚÓÚÆäÔµÆðÂÛ£¬·ð½ÌÖ®ÃðÔÚÓÚÆäɥʧÁËÔµÆðÂÛ¡£·ðѧ½çÇãÏòÈÏΪӡ¶È·ð½ÌË¥ÍöµÄ¸ù±¾Ô­ÒòÔÚÓÚÃ̵ܽĶéÂäºÍ»Ø½ÌµÄÈëÇÖ¡£½äÂɵķϳۺÍÎäÁ¦µÄÇ¿ÖÆ£¬»òÐíÄÜ´Ý»ÙÒ»¸ö·ð½Ì×éÖ¯£¬µ«²¢²»±ØÈ»µ¼Ö·ð½Ì˼ÏëµÄË¥Ãð¡£Ò»ÖÖ˼ÏëµÄË¥ÃðÍùÍù±íÏÖΪÔÚÑÝ»¯ÖÐÖð½¥É¥Ê§×Ô¼ºµÄ˼ÏëÌØÖÊ£¬·ñÔò£¬ÎޱߵĺڰµÒ²²»ÄÜÆËÃðÒ»Ö§À°ÖòµÄ¹âÃ÷¡£Ò²ÓÐѧÕßÈÏΪÊÇÉÌôÉÂÞ´Ó˼ÏëÉÏ´ì°ÜÁË·ð½Ì£¬³ÉΪ·ð½ÌµÄ×î´ó¿ËÐÇ¡£Êµ¼ÊÉÏ£¬·ð½ÌµÄË¥ÍöÖ÷Òª±íÏÖΪÔÚÏòÒÔÆÅÂÞÃŽÌΪÖ÷µ¼µÄ´«Í³Ë¼Ïë»Ø¹éÖÐÖð½¥É¥Ê§ÁË×Ô¼ºµÄ˼ÏëÌØÖÊ£¬ÕâÒ»Ç÷ÊÆÔÚ·ðÍÓ¼ÅÃðºó²»¾ÃµÄ²¿ÅÉ·ð½Ì¾Í¿ªÊ¼ÁË¡£ÉÌôÉÂÞ²»¹ýÊÇÒÔÆÅÂÞÃŽÌÐÅͽµÄÉí·ÝÊÕ»ñÁËÐþѧ»¯´ó³Ë[2]·ð½ÌµÄÀíÂ۳ɹû£¬ÈçʵµØÖ¸³öÆä¡°·ð¡±±¾À´¾ÍÊÇ¡°è󡱡£±¾ÈËÏ£Íûͨ¹ý¶Ô·ð½ÌÔµÆðÂÛµÄÑо¿£¬´ÓÒåÀíµÄ½Ç¶È½Òʾ·ð½ÌÐËË¥µÄ°ÂÃØ¡£¡°È»Öª´ç¹ÜÄÑÒÔ¿úÌ죬Сó»ÄÑÒԲ⺣£¬µ«²»¿ÉÆú´Ë΢³Ï¡£¡±
¡¡¡¡²»Í¬·ð½ÌÅɱðÓв»Í¬µÄÔµÆð˼Ï룬±¾ÂÛÖصãÑо¿·¨ÏàΨʶѧµÄÔµÆð˼Ï룬ȷÇеØ˵ÊÇÖصãÑо¿ÐþÞÊËù´«Î¨Ê¶Ñ§µÄÔµÆð˼Ïë¡£Ñо¿·¨ÏàΨʶѧµÄÔµÆð˼Ï룬ͬʱҲÊÇ´ÓÔµÆðÂ۵ĽǶȶÔΨʶѧÌåϵ½øÐÐÈ«ÃæÊáÀíºÍÖØмܹ¹£¬²¢¶ÔΨʶѧÌåϵ½øÐп͹ÛÆÀ¼Û¡£
¡¡¡¡ÐþÞÊ´óʦËù´«µÄ·¨ÏàΨʶѧ·¨ÂöÃ÷Îú¡£Ïà´«Î÷ÔªËÄ¡¢ÎåÊÀ¼Íʱ£¬ÃÖÀÕÔÚÓ¡¶ÈÐû˵¡¶è¤Ù¤Ê¦µØÂÛ¡·¡¢¡¶·Ö±ðè¤Ù¤ÂÛ¡·¡¢¡¶±çÖбßÂÛËÌ¡·¡¢¡¶´ó³ËׯÑϾ­ÂÛËÌ¡·µÈ¾­µä£¬ÌᳫΨʶÖеÀÖ®Ö¼£¬¿ªè¤Ù¤Î¨Ê¶ÅÉÖ®»ù´¡£¬¹ÊÃÖÀÕ±»×ðΪʼ×æ¡£´ÓÂÛµä½Ç¶È¿´£¬ÎÞÖø¿ÉνÊÇΨʶѧÅɵÄʵ¼Ê´´Ê¼ÈË£¬Ëû¾ñÔñÃÖÀÕÖîÂÛµÄ×ÚÖ¼£¬Öø¡¶Éã´ó³ËÂÛ¡·¡¢¡¶ÏÔÑïÊ¥½ÌÂÛ¡·¡¢¡¶´ó³Ë°¢Åþ´ïÄ¥¼¯ÂÛ¡·µÈÊ飬Ϊ´ó³ËΨʶѧµì¶¨ÁË˼Ïë¸ù»ù¡£ÎÞÖøµÄµÜ×Ó£¨°ûµÜ£©ÊÀÇ×ÓÖ׫¡¶Éã´ó³ËÂÛÊÍ¡·¡¢¡¶±çÖбßÂÛ¡·¡¢¡¶Ê®µØ¾­ÂÛ¡·¡¢¡¶´ó³Ë°Ù·¨Ã÷ÃÅÂÛ¡·¡¢¡¶´ó³ËÎåÔÌÂÛ¡·¡¢¡¶Î¨Ê¶¶þÊ®ÂÛ¡·¡¢¡¶Î¨Ê¶ÈýÊ®ËÌ¡·µÈÊ飬ʢºëÃÖÀÕ¡¢ÎÞÖø֮ѧ¡£¾­¹ýÃÖÀÕ¡ª¡ªÎÞÖø¡ª¡ªÊÀÇ×µÄһϵÈý´«£¬»ù±¾È·Á¢ÁËΨʶѧ´óÏõÄÀíÂÛ¸ù»ùºÍ¿ò¼Ü¡£ÊÀÇ×ÍíÄê×÷¡¶Î¨Ê¶ÈýÊ®ËÌ¡·½øÒ»²½ÕûºÏΨʶѧÀíÂÛ£¬µ«Î´¼°×÷ÊͱãÀëÊÀ¡£´ËºóÓ¡¶ÈȺÏÍÕùÏà×÷ÊÍ£¬ÖøÃûµÄÓл¤·¨¡¢µÂ»Û¡¢°²»Û¡¢Ç×ʤ¡¢ÄÑÍÓ¡¢¾»Ô¡¢»ð±ç¡¢Ê¤ÓÑ¡¢Ê¤×Ó¡¢ÖÇÔµÈÊ®´óÂÛʦ¡£¸÷¼ÒΧÈÆ¡¶Î¨Ê¶ÈýÊ®ËÌ¡·µÄÊÍÂÛ£¬Ê¹Î¨Ê¶Ë¼Ïë½øÒ»²½·á¸»ºÍ·¢Õ¹¡£³ÂÄÇËä²»ÔÚÊ®´óÂÛʦ֮ÁУ¬È´ÊÇÊÀÇ×µÄһϵµÕ´«£¬ËûµÄ¡¶¹ÛËùÔµÔµÂÛ¡·¿ªÆôÁËΨʶÐÂѧ¡£Î¨Ê¶ÐÂѧÓÉ»¤·¨¡¢ÐþÞʲûÑï¹â´ó¡£»¤·¨µÄÖøÃûµÜ×ÓÓнäÏÍ¡¢Ê¤ÓÑ¡¢Ê¤×Ó¡¢ÖÇÔ¡¢Ç×¹âµÈ¡£ÐþÞÊÊÜÒµÓÚ½äÏÍ£¬´«Î¨Ê¶ÓÚÖÐÍÁ£¬³ÉΪ´È¶÷×Úʼ×æ¡£ÐþÞʵÜ×Ó¿ú»ù´«·¨ÓÚ»ÛÕÓ£¬»ÛÕÓ´«·¨ÓÚÖÇÖÜ£¬´Ëºó·¨ÂöÒþû¡£
¡¡¡¡Ö®ËùÒÔÑ¡ÔñÒÔ·¨ÏàΨʶѧΪÑо¿¶ÔÏó£¬Ö÷Òª¿¼Á¿Óжþ£º
¡¡¡¡ÆäÒ»£¬Î¨Ê¶Ñ§ÔÚÖС¢Ó¡·ðѧÑÝ»¯ÖоӳÐÇ°ÆôºóµÄÊàŦµØ룬ÊÇ·ð½ÌÒåѧµÄ¼¯´ó³ÉÕß¡£Î¨Ê¶Ñ§¼Ì³ÐÁË°ãÈôÖйÛѧµÄ˼Ïë»ù´¡£¬Í¬Ê±½ÓÇ¢Á˲¿ÅÉ·ð½ÌµÄÀíÂÛ̽Ë÷£¬¶ÔÔçÆÚ·ð½ÌµÄÈô¸ÉÐüÒÉÎÊÌâ½øÐÐÁË»ØÓ¦¡£´ËÍ⣬ΨʶѧͬÈçÀ´²ØѧÓÖ»¥ÏàÕùÃùÓëÈڻᡣÒò´Ë£¬Ñо¿Î¨Ê¶Ñ§ÄܶÔÓ¡¶È·ð½Ì˼ÏëµÄÑݱäÓиöÌá¸ÙêüÁìµÄÈÏʶ¡£¾ÍÖйú·ðѧ¶øÑÔ£¬¿ÉÒÔ˵ΨʶѧµÄ´«²¥ÊÇ·ð½Ì×ÚÅÉÐËÆðµÄÖØÒªÔ­ÒòÖ®Ò»¡£´È¶÷×ÚÓëÓ¡¶È·ðѧһÂöÏà³ÐµÄ¹Øϵ×Ô²»±Ø¶àÑÔ£¬ÐþÞÊ֮ǰÎÞÖøÊÀÇ×ѧÔÚÖйúµÄºë´«£¬ÐγÉÁ˵ØÂÛѧÅɺÍÉãÂÛѧÅÉ¡£Ó¡¶È´ó³Ë·ð½Ì˼ÏëµÄÄÚÔÚÀ§¾³£¬´Ù³ÉÁËÖйúѧÕßµÄÀíÂÛ´´Ð£¬ÓÚÊÇÓС¶´ó³ËÆðÐÅÂÛ¡·µÄÎÊÊÀ¡£¡¶Ê®µØ¾­ÂÛ¡·¡¢¡¶Éã´ó³ËÂÛ¡·ºÍ¡¶´ó³ËÆðÐÅÂÛ¡·µÄÏ°´«£¬ÎªÌį̀¡¢»ªÑϵÈ×ÚÅɵÄÐËÆðÌṩÁËÀíÂÛËزĺÍ˼Ïë»ù´¡¡£Òò´Ë£¬Ñо¿Î¨Ê¶Ñ§ÄܶÔÖйú·ð½Ì˼ÏëµÄÑݱäÓиöÀ´ëÊÈ¥ÂöµÄÈÏʶ¡£[3]
¡¡¡¡Æä¶þ£¬Î¨Ê¶Ñ§µÄ´«³ÐÃ÷Îú¡¢ººÒëµä½å·á¸»¡£ÓÈÆäÞÊʦµÄΨʶѧÒëÖø£¬³ÉΪÖйúΨʶѧÕßµÃÌì¶ÀºñµÄ×ÊÔ´ÓÅÊÆ¡£¿ÉÊÇ£¬½ü´úÒÔÀ´¸ö±ðѧÕßÉîÊÜÅ·ÃÀºÍÈÕ±¾Ñ§·çµÄÓ°Ï죬ÇúÒâ±áµÍººÒë·ðµäµÄ¼ÛÖµ£¬ÖÂʹÔÚµ±½ñµÄ·ðѧÑо¿ÓÈÆäΨʶѧÑо¿ÖУ¬ÑÔ±ØÔ»èó£¬ÑÔ±ØÔ»ÈÕ£¬É¥Ê§ÁË×Ô¼ºµÄ±¾ÓÐÓÅÊƺÍѧÊõ×ðÑÏ¡£±ÊÕß²¢²»·ñ¶¨ÔËÓöàÓïÖÖ·ðµä¶Ô¿±ÒÔ¼°ÏÖ´úѧÊõ·½·¨µÄÓÐЧÐÔ£¬±ÈÈçÊʵ±ÔËÓñȽÏÓïÑÔѧ¡¢±È½Ï×Ú½Ìѧ¡¢ÎÄ»¯ÈËÀàѧµÈÏÖ´úѧ¿ÆµÄÑо¿ÊֶΣ¬¿ÉÒÔ´ó´óÔö½øÈËÃǶԷð½ÌµÄÁ˽⡣µ«ÊÇ£¬¶ÔÓÚÖйúѧÕßÀ´Ëµ£¬·ðѧÑо¿±ØÐëÒԿ͹ÛÆÀ¼Û²¢³ä·ÖÔËÓÃĸÓïÎÄÏ×Ϊ»ù´¡£¬²»¿Éɥʧ×Ô×ðäĿ³çÍâÉá±¾ÖðÄ©¡£±¾ÎÄÔÚÑо¿Öо¡¿ÉÄܶàµØÔËÓÃÁ˺ºÎÄÔ­µä×ÊÁÏ£¬ÒÔÆÚ¾ÀÕý½ü´úÒÔÀ´¹úÄÚÍâ·ðѧ½çÇáÊÓººÎÄ·ðµä֮ƫ±Î¡£
¡¡¡¡¶þ¡¢ÖÐÍâ°ÙÄêΨʶѧÑо¿µÄÖ÷Òª³É¾ÍÓë²»×ã
¡¡¡¡¶þÊ®ÊÀ¼ÍµÄÖÐÍâΨʶѧÑо¿£¬È¡µÃÁË´óÁ¿³É¹û¡£
¡¡¡¡½ü´úµÄÖйú˼Ïë½ç£¬Îª¿¹ºâÎ÷ѧµÄ³å»÷£¬²¿·ÖÈÊÈË־ʿ²»Ô¼¶øͬµØÑ¡ÔñÁË·ð½ÌΨʶѧ£¬Ê¹Î¨Ê¶Ñ§Ò»¶È³ÉΪ´«Í³ÎÄ»¯Ñо¿ÖеÄÏÔѧ¡£Î¨Ê¶Ñ§ÒÔÆäÉîϸÃ÷±çºÍÌåϵÑÏÕû£¬²»½ö½ö¾ßÓжԿ¹Î÷ѧÒÔÕñ×÷ÖлªÎÄ»¯¾«ÉñµÄ¹¤¾ß¼ÛÖµ£¬¶øÇÒ»¹ÓзðѧÕý×ÚµÄÖÕ¼«¼ÛÖµ£¬Òò´Ë£¬Î¨Ê¶Ñ§Ñо¿¶Ô·ð½Ì×ßÊƺͽüÏÖ´ú˼³±²úÉúÁËÉîÔ¶Ó°Ïì¡£
¡¡¡¡¶þÊ®ÊÀ¼ÍÇ°°ëÆÚΨʶѧÑо¿ÖØÕòÓÐËÄ£ºÌ«ÐéÁìµ¼µÄÎä²ý·ðѧԺ£¬Å·Ñô¾¹ÎÞÁìµ¼µÄÖ§ÄÇÄÚѧԺ£¬º«Çå¾»Áìµ¼µÄÈýʱѧ»á£¬ÒÔ¼°ÐÜÊ®Á¦ËùÔڵı±¾©´óѧ¡£Ì«ÐéµÄ¡¶·¨ÏàΨʶѧ¡·¡¢Å·ÑôµÄΨʶ¾­ÂÛ¡¶Ðò¡·¡¢º«Çå¾»µÄ¡¶è¤Ù¤Ê¦µØÂۿƾäÅûÑ°¼Ç¡·¡¢ÐÜÊ®Á¦µÄ¡¶ÐÂΨʶÂÛ¡·£¬·Ö±ð³ÉΪÕâһʱÆڵIJ»Ðྭµä¡£ÉÔºóµÄ´ú±íÈËÎ̫ÐéһϵµÄÓÐӡ˳£¬Å·ÑôһϵµÄÓÐÂÀ³Î£¬¶þÈË·ðѧÑо¿µÄ׿Խ³É¹ûÔÚ¹úÄÚÍâ²úÉúÁËÖØ´óÓ°Ïì¡£ÖÁÈôÆäËûÖøÃûΨʶѧÕßµÄÑо¿×´¿ö£¬ÎÒÃÇ¿ÉÓÉÕÅÂüÌÎÖ÷±à¡¶ÏÖ´ú·ð½ÌѧÊõ´Ô¿¯¡·Öеġ¶Î¨Ê¶Ñ§×¨¼­¡·¸ÅÀÀΨʶѧÑо¿µÄ·á˶³É¹û¡£¶þÊ®ÊÀ¼Íºó°ëÆÚµÄΨʶѧÑо¿£¬×ܵÄÀ´½²³ÊµÍ³±×´Ì¬¡£Æ«ÖØÓÚÑо¿Î¨Ê¶Ñ§µÄ´ú±íÈËÎÍÅÌ壩£¬¾Ý±ÊÕߵľ®µ×ËùÖª£¬±±¾©Óк«¾µÇ壨´ÈÊÏѧ»á£©£¬ÖйúÉç»á¿ÆѧԺÓÐÌï¹âÁÒ¡¢º«Í¢½ÜµÈ£¬ËÄ´¨ÓÐÌÆÖÙÈÝ¡£Ì¨ÍåÓÐÑÝÅà¡¢Ñî°×Òµȡ£Ïã¸ÛÓÐÂÞʱÏÜ£¨·ð½Ì·¨Ïàѧ»á£©¡¢»ô躻ޣ¨·¨×¡Ñ§»á£©µÈµÈ¡£×ÜÖ®£¬½ü°ÙÄêÀ´µÄΨʶѧÑо¿Õß¼ûÈʼûÖÇ£¬´ó¶à»³×ÅÎÄ»¯¾È¹ú»òÖØÕñ·ð½ÌµÄÈȳÀ£¬¶ÔΨʶµä½å½øÐÐÁ˾«ÐÄУ¿±¡¢ÔöÒëºÍÚ¹ÊÍ£¬¶ÔΨʶѧһϵÁеĻù±¾ÎÊÌâ½øÐÐÁ˾«ÉîÑо¿£¬¶ÔËûÃǵÄÀíÂÛ¹±Ï׺ÜÄÑÓÃÁÎÁÎÊýÓï¼ÓÒÔÆÀÊö¡£[4]
¡¡¡¡µ«ÊÇ£¬Öйú°ÙÄêÀ´µÄΨʶѧÑо¿£¬Ò²ÓÐÒ»¸ö±È½ÏÍ»³öµÄȱÏÝ£ºÖ§ÀëÓÐÓà¹áͨ²»×㡣δÄÜÔÚ·ð½Ì˼ÏëµÄÕûÌåÑÝ»¯¸ñ¾ÖÖÐÀåÇåΨʶѧµÄÑÝ»¯ÂöÂ磬ÒÔÖ³öÏÖÁ˺ùţ¨Î¨Ê¶¹Åѧ£©·ÇУ¨Î¨Ê¶ÐÂѧ£©¡¢»òºÃзǹš¢»òÆ«ÖØΨʶѧµÄÒ»¾­Ò»Â۵ľÖÃ棬¶ÔΨʶѧµÄÈÏʶÓÐËùÆ«ÆĺÍÖ§À룬Ƿȱ¶ÔΨʶѧÌåϵ½øÐÐÈ«ÃæÊáÀíºÍ¿Í¹ÛÆÀ¼Û¡£
¡¡¡¡¹úÍâµÄΨʶѧÑо¿£¬ÒÔÈÕ±¾µÄÑо¿³É¹û×îΪ¿É¹Û¡£¶þÊ®ÊÀ¼ÍµÄÈÕ±¾£¬½ÏÔçÑо¿Î¨Ê¶Ñ§µÄ´ú±íÈËÎïÓÐÓî¾®²®ÊÙºÍɽ¿ÚÒæ¡£Óî¾®ÔËÓÃеÄѧÊõ·½·¨Ñо¿Î¨Ê¶Ë¼Ï룬Ö÷ÕÅÃÖÀÕʵÓÐÆäÈË£¬²¢ÈÏΪÕæÚÐËù´«µÄΨʶ¾ÉÒë·´Ó³ÁËÎÞÖøÊÀÇ×µÄÕæʵÒâȤ¡£Óî¾®µÄÑо¿·½·¨ºÍ½áÂÛ£¬ÔÚÈÕ±¾Ñ§½çÒýÆðÁ˺ܴó·´Ï죬¼¤·¢ÁËÈËÃÇ̽Ë÷ΨʶѧµÄÐËȤ¡£É½¿ÚÒæÔÚΨʶѧÑо¿·½ÃæµÄÍ»³ö¹±Ï×ÔÚÓÚ½«èóÎĺͲØÎĵÄΨʶµä½åÒý¼ö¸øÈÕ±¾Ñ§Õߣ¬ÍØ¿íÁËÎÄÏ×»ù´¡£¬Ëû±à¼­³ö°æµÄ¡¶±çÖбßÂÛËÌ¡·µÄ°²»ÛÊÍ¡¢ÊÀÇ×Êͼ°°²»ÛµÄÔÙÊÍ£¬¾ßÀï³Ì±®ÒâÒå¡£´Ëºó£¬ÈÕ±¾³öÏÖÁËÒ»ÅúÓдú±íÐÔµÄΨʶѧÑо¿³É¹û¡£[5]
¡¡¡¡Î÷·½µÄΨʶѧÑо¿Õýʽ¿ªÊ¼ÓÚ¶þÊ®ÊÀ¼Í£¬Æä³É¹ûÖ÷Òª¼¯ÖÐÔÚΨʶԭµäµÄÊäÈëºÍ½â¶Á¡£ÔÚÔ­µäµÄÊäÈëºÍ½â¶Á·½Ã棬×î¾ß´ú±íÐÔµÄÊÇÁÒά¼°ÆäѧÉú¡£·¨¹úѧÕßÁÒά£¨Sylvain Levi£©ÓÚ1922ÄêÔÚÄá²´¶û·¢ÏÖÁËè󱾵ġ¶Î¨Ê¶¶þÊ®ÂÛ¡·ºÍ¡¶Î¨Ê¶ÈýÊ®ËÌ¡·£¬ºóÕß´øÓа²»ÛµÄÊÍÂÛ¡£1925ÄêËû½«´ËÓëÒëÎĹ²Í¬³ö°æ£¬ÌâΪ¡¶Î¨Ê¶ÏµÍ³Ñо¿×ÊÁϼ¯¡·[6]¡£´Ó¶øÒýÆðÁËÎ÷·½Ñ§Õ߶ÔΨʶѧµÄ¹ã·º¹Ø×¢¡£ÁÒά×îÖøÃûµÄѧÉúÆÕÉ­£¨Louis de la Vallee Poussin£©ÒÀ¾ÝÐþÞʵÄÒë±¾£¬°ÑÊÀÇס¶¾ãÉáÂÛ¡·Òë³ÉÁË·¨ÎÄ¡£ÆÕÉ­¶ÔΨʶѧÑо¿µÄ×î´ó¹±Ï×£¬ÊÇËû½«¡¶³ÉΨʶÂÛ¡·Òë³ÉÁË·¨ÎÄ[7]¡£´Ë¾Ù¾ßÓÐÖØ´óÒâÒ壬ΪÎ÷·½Ñ§ÕßÕ¹ÏÖÁËÒ»¸ö¼«Æä·á¸»¶øÓÖ³ÉÊìµÄΨʶѧÌåϵ¡£ÆÕÉ­×îÖøÃûµÄѧÉúÊÇÀ­ÄªÌØ£¨Etienne Lamotte£©£¬Ëû¸ù¾ÝººÎĺͲØÎı¾£¬·Ö±ð½«¡¶½âÉîÃܾ­¡·ºÍÎÞÖø¡¶Éã´ó³ËÂÛ¡·Òë³É·¨ÎÄ£¬»¹·­ÒëÁËÊÀÇס¶´ó³Ë³ÉÒµÂÛ¡·£¬ÏóÆÕÉ­Ò»Ñù£¬ËûÔÚÒëÎÄÖÐΪÐí¶àÊõÓﶼ¼ÓÉÏÁËèóÎĵÈͬ´Ê[8]¡£´ËÍ⣬ÔÚÅ·ÃÀ»¹³öÏÖÁËÒ»ÅúÓдú±íÐÔµÄΨʶѧÒëÖøºÍÑо¿³É¹û[9]¡£Î÷·½ÓëÈÕ±¾ÔÚΨʶѧÑо¿·½ÃæÓлý¼«µÄ»¥¶¯¹Øϵ£¬ÈÕ±¾µÄÓî¾®²®ÊÙÔøÁôѧÓÚÓ¢¹ú½£ÇÅ£¬Êܵ½ÁËÆÕÉ­µÄÖ¸µ¼£¬É½¿ÚÒæÔòÖ±½ÓÊÜÒµÓÚÁÒά¡£ÈÕ±¾µÄÁåľ´ó×¾ÔÚÃÀ¹úÏȺó³ö°æÁË¡¶ÀãÙ¤¾­Ñо¿¡·ºÍ¡¶ÀãÙ¤¾­¡·Ó¢Òë±¾£¬¶ÔÎ÷·½Ñ§Õß²úÉúÁËÒ»¶¨Ó°Ïì¡£[10]
¡¡¡¡×ÜÌåÀ´¿´£¬Î÷·½µÄΨʶѧÑо¿ÈÔ´¦ÓÚÆ𲽽׶Σ¬ÕýÈçÃÀ¹úѧÕß³Ë÷˹£¨Lusthaus£©ËùÊö£¬Î÷·½Ñ§Õ߱ȽϹØÐĵÄÊÇÀúÊ·¿¼Ö¤ÎÊÌ⣬ƩÈçÀÕÃÖ¾¿¾¹ÊÇÈ˼äµÄ´óµÂ»¹ÊÇÌìÉϵÄÆÐÈø£¿¾¿¾¹ÓÐÒ»¸öÊÀÇ×»¹ÊǶþ¸öÊÀÇ×£¿µ«¶ÔÓÚΨʶÒåÀíµÄ±æÎö£¬¶ÔÓÚÖîÈçÎÞÖøºÍÊÀÇ×µÄ˼ÏëÓкβî±ðµÈһϵÁлù´¡ÎÊÌ⣬ËûÃǵÄÑо¿ºÜ²»¹»£¬ÓдóÁ¿ÀíÂۿհס£ÖÁÈô¡¶³ÉΨʶÂÛ¡·µÄ·á¸»Ë¼Ï룬¡°ÖÁ½ñҲûÓм¸¸öÎ÷·½Ñ§ÕßÄܹ»ÕæÕýÏû»¯¡£¡±[11]
¡¡¡¡×Û¹ÛÎ÷·½ºÍÈÕ±¾µÄΨʶѧÑо¿£¬±È½ÏÍ»³öµÄÌصã»ò²»×ãÓÐÈý£º
¡¡¡¡Ò»ÊÇ×ÊÁϷḻ£¬²àÖØÓÚÔ­µä¿¼Ö¤ºÍÀúÊ·Ñо¿£¬µ«ÔÚ¾«Éîͨ¹áµÄÒåÀí±çÎö·½ÃæÓÐËù²»×㣬¶ÔÓÚ´ÓÎÞÖøµ½ÊÀÇ×µ½»¤·¨µÄΨʶ˼ÏëÄÚÔÚÑݱä»úÀíºÍÂöÂçȱ·¦Ã÷ÎúµÄÈÏʶ£¬Î´ÄÜÒÀ¾Ý·ð½ÌµÄ¸ù±¾¾«Éñ¶ÔΨʶѧÌåϵ½øÐÐÈçʵÆÀ¼Û¡£
¡¡¡¡¶þÊÇ°ÑΨʶѧÊÓΪÕÜѧ»¯µÄ´¿´â֪ʶÌåϵ£¬ºöÂÔÁËתȾ³É¾»µÄÈËÉú¹Ø»³¡£
¡¡¡¡ÈýÊǹýÓÚÇ¿µ÷è󱾺Ͳر¾·ðµäµÄ¼ÛÖµ£¬¶ÔººÎĵä½åºÍººÎĵÄÑо¿³É¹ûûÓиøÓèÓ¦ÓеÄÖØÊÓ¡£
¡¡¡¡Èý¡¢Ñо¿½Ç¶ÈºÍÑо¿·½·¨
¡¡¡¡ÔÚ½è¼ø¹úÄÚÍâΨʶѧµÄÑо¿³É¹ûºÍÑо¿·½·¨µÄ»ù´¡ÉÏ£¬±¾ÂÛ´ÓÔµÆðÂ۵ĽǶȶÔΨʶѧÌåϵ½øÐÐÈ«ÃæÊáÀíºÍÖØмܹ¹£¬ÀåÇå´ÓÎÞÖøµ½ÊÀÇ×µ½»¤·¨µÄΨʶ˼ÏëÄÚÔÚÑݱäÂöÂ磬ͬʱ£¬ÒÔ·ðÍÓÔµÆðÂÛΪָµ¼¾«Éñ£¬¶ÔΨʶѧÌåϵ½øÐп͹ÛÆÀ¼Û¡£
¡¡¡¡ÔÚÑо¿·½·¨ÉÏ£¬Ö÷ÒªÔËÓÃÁËÄÚÔÚÑо¿·¨¡¢´´ÔìÚ¹ÊÍ·¨¡¢±È½ÏÑо¿·¨¡£ÆäÖУ¬ËùνÄÚÔÚÑо¿·¨£¬¾ÍÊÇÓ÷ð½ÌµÄ¸ù±¾¾«ÉñÈ¥Ö¸µ¼·ð½ÌÑо¿¡£·ð½Ì¸ù±¾¾«Éñ¼¯ÖÐÌåÏÖÔÚ·ðÍÓÔµÆðÂÛÖ®ÖУ¬´ÓÔµÆðÂ۽ǶȶÔΨʶѧµÄÊáÀíºÍÖع¹£¬¾ÍÊǶÔÄÚÔÚÑо¿·¨µÄ¾ßÌåÓ¦Óá£Ëùν´´ÔìÚ¹ÊÍ·¨£¬Êµ¼ÊÉÏÊÇÄÚÔÚÑо¿·¨µÄÑÓÉ죬Ëü½ÒʾÁË˼ÏëÑݱäµÄÄÚÔÚ»úÀí£¬²¢»Ø´ðÁË˼ÏëÈçºÎÑݱäÒÔ¼°Ó¦¸ÃÈçºÎÑݱäµÄÎÊÌ⣬Ëü¶ÔÔ­µä˼ÏëµÄ½â¶Á£¬ÊÇÕÕ׎²ºÍ½Ó׎²µÄÓлúͳһ¡£¡°´´ÔìµÄÚ¹ÊÍѧ¹²·ÖÎå´ó²ã´Î£¬¼´¡®ÊµÎ½¡¯£¨´ÓÔ­µä¿¼Ö¤¡¢Ô­Ê¼×ÊÁϵĿ¼²é£¬È¥¾ö¶¨Ô­Ë¼Ïë¼ÒµÄʵ¼ÊÑÔÚ¹£©¡£¡®Òâν¡¯£¨¾¡ÓèÈçʵ¿Í¹ÛµØÁ˽ⲢڹÊÍÔ­µäÒåÀí»òԭ˼Ïë¼ÒµÄÒâ˼ÒâÏò£©¡£¡®ÔÌν¡¯£¨Ô­µä»òԭ˼Ïë¼ÒÑÔÚ¹µÄÖÖÖÖ¿ÉÄÜÒåÀíÔ̺­¡¢Ë¼ÏëÊ·µÄÀí·ÏßË÷¡¢ÑÔÚ¹ÔÚ˼ÏëÊ·ÉϵĻýµíÉµÈµÈ£©¡£¡®µ±Î½¡¯£¨Ô­ÓÐ˼ÏëµÄÉî²ãÒåÔÌ»ò¸ù±¾ÒåÀíËùÔÚ£¬Öî°ã¿ÉÄÜÚ¹ÊÍ·½Ê½µÄÓÅÁӲöϻò¸ßµÍÆÀ¼ÛµÈµÈ£©¡£ÒÔ¼°¡®±Øν¡¯£¨Õ¾ÔÚÐÂʱ´úÁ¢³¡¶ÔÓÚÔ­ÓÐ˼ÏëÖ®ÅúÅеļ̳ÐÓë´´ÔìµÄ·¢Õ¹£©¡£ÒÔÉÏÎå´ó²ã´ÎËä²»¿ÉÈÎÒâÔ½¼¶£¬²»¹ýÈç¶Ô¸÷±ð²ã´Î½ÔÒÑÊìÁ·£¬Ôò²»±ØÔÙËÀ°åµØÒÀ´Î̽ÌÖÔ­µäÚ¹Ê͵ÄÎÊÌ⣻Îå´ó²ã´Îµ±¿Éһʱ²¢ÁË£¬ ͬʱ½øÐÐÿһ²ã´ÎµÄÚ¹ÊÍѧ¿¼²ì£¬¶ø½«¶ÔÓÚ¸÷²ãµÄ¿¼²ì½áÂÛ£¬¶ÙÏÖÓÚ´´ÔìµÄÚ¹ÊÍѧ¼ÒµÄ´óÄÔÖ®ÖС£¡±[12]
¡¡¡¡×¢ÊÍ£º
¡¡¡¡[1]¹ØÓÚ·ð½ÌÔµÆðÂÛµÄÑо¿£¬Çë²Î¿¼×¾Öø£º
¡¡¡¡ÂÛÎÄ£¬¡¶·ð½ÌÔµÆðÂ۵ķ½·¨ÂÛÒâÒå¡·£¬¡¶Áéɽ·ðѧÑо¿»áÂÛÎÄÑ¡¡·£¨µÚÈý¼­£©£¬²ÆÍÅ·¨ÈË·¨²Ø·ð½Ì»ù½ð»á³ö°æ£¬2006Äê5Ô¡£
¡¡¡¡ÂÛÎÄ£¬¡¶ÔçÆÚ·ð½ÌÔµÆð˼ÏëÒªÒå¡·£¬¡¶¾õȺѧÊõÂÛÎļ¯¡·£¨µÚÎå¼­£©£¬×Ú½ÌÎÄ»¯³ö°æÉ磬2005Äê12Ô³ö°æ¡£
¡¡¡¡ÂÛÎÄ£¬¡¶´ó³Ë·ð½ÌÔµÆðÂÛ¡·£¬¡¶Áéɽº£»á¡·£¨×ܵÚ13ÆÚ£©£¬2004ÄêÇï¡£
¡¡¡¡[2]±ÊÕß°Ñ´ó³Ë·ð½Ì·ÖΪÁ½ÀࣺÆÐÈøÐдó³ËºÍÐþѧ»¯´ó³Ë¡£²Î¼û×¾ÎÄ¡¶´ó³Ë·ð½ÌµÄÔµÆðÂÛ¡·£¬¡¶Áéɽº£»á¡·£¨×ܵÚ13ÆÚ£©£¬2004ÄêÇï¼¾¡£
¡¡¡¡[3]ÏÞÓÚƪ·ù²¢ÎªÍ»ÏÔÑо¿ÖØÐÄ£¬±¾ÂÛ¾¡¿ÉÄܱÜÃâÉæÈëÓ¡¶ÈÉç»á˼ÏëÊ·ÒÔ¼°Öйú·ðѧµÄÏà¹ØÁìÓò£¬°Ñ¶ÔÞÊ´«Î¨Ê¶Ñ§µÄÑо¿¾¡¿ÉÄÜÏÞÓÚ´¿´âµÄÒåÀí±æÎö£¬ÔÚ¿ç¶ÈÉÏʼÓÚ¡¶½âÉîÃܾ­¡·ºÍ¡¶è¤Ù¤Ê¦µØÂÛ¡·,Ö¹ÓÚ¡¶³ÉΨʶÂÛ¡·¡£
¡¡¡¡[4]ÓйØÖйú¶þÊ®ÊÀ¼ÍΨʶѧµÄÑо¿×´¿ö£¬Áí¿É²ÎÔÄ·ðÈÕÖø£¬¡¶·¨ÏàΨʶѧ¸´Ð˵Ļعˡ·£¬¡¶·¨Òô¡·£»³Â±ø¡¢µË×ÓÃÀÖø£¬¡¶¶þÊ®ÊÀ¼ÍÖйú·ð½Ì¡·£¬Ãñ×å³ö°æÉ磬2000Äê¡£
¡¡¡¡¸Ä¸ï¿ª·ÅÒÔÀ´£¬ËäÈ»·ðѧÑо¿Ô½À´Ô½Êܵ½ÖØÊÓ£¬µ«ÔÚ¹ú¼ÒͼÊé¹ÝµÄ²éÑ°½á¹û±íÃ÷£¬×¨ÖÎΨʶѧµÄ²©Ê¿ÂÛÎÄ£¬ÔÚ·ðѧ²©Ê¿ÂÛÎÄÖÐÖ»Õ¼ºÜСµÄ±ÈÀý¡£ÆäÖУ¬ÖйúÉç»á¿ÆѧԺÐìÉÜÇ¿²©Ê¿µÄ¡¶Î¨Ê¶Ë¼Ïë¼°Æä·¢Õ¹¡·£¨1995Ä꣩£»±±¾©´óѧ³Â¹§Èò©Ê¿µÄ¡¶ÌåÓüò±ðÓë·ðÖ¼ÕæÚ¹¡·£¨1996Ä꣩£»±±¾©´óѧÕÅ־ǿ²©Ê¿µÄ¡¶Î¨Ê¶Ë¼ÏëÓëÍíÃ÷ΨʶѧÑо¿¡·£¨1997Ä꣩£»ÖйúÈËÃñ´óѧκµÂ¶«²©Ê¿µÄ¡¶·ð½ÌΨʶÕÜѧҪÒå¡·£¨1997Ä꣩£»µÈµÈ£¬ÕâЩÑо¿³É¹ûÔÚÕÜѧ²©Ê¿Ñ§Î»ÂÛÎÄÖоùÊôÁ¦×÷£¬·´Ó³ÁËÖйú´ó½ΨʶѧÑо¿µÄ×îгɹû¡£
¡¡¡¡[5]¾Ý±ÊÕßËùÖª£¬´ú±íÐÔµÄÖø×÷»¹ÓУºÓî¾®²®ÊÙ¡¶°²»Û»¤·¨Î¨Ê¶ÈýÊ®ËÌÊÍÂÛ¡·£»ÉîÆÖÕýÎÄ¡¶Î¨Ê¶Ñ§Ñо¿¡·¡¢¡¶Î¨Ê¶ÂÛ½â˵¡·£»½á³ÇÁîÎÅ¡¶ÊÀÇ×Ψʶ¤ÎÑо¿¡·£»¸ßéªË³´ÎÀÉ¡¶ºÍÒë°²»ÛÔìΨʶÈýÊ®ËÌÊÍÂÛ¡·£»Ò°Ôó¾²Ö¤¡¶ÊÀÇ×Ψʶ¤ÎÔ­µä½âÃ÷¡·£»¸»¹óÔ­ÕÂÐÅ¡¶»¤·¨×ÚΨʶ¿¼¡·£¬µÈ¡£ººÒë¹ýÀ´µÄÓС¶Î¨Ê¶ÂÛ½²»°¡·¾®ÉÏÐþÕæÖø¡¢°×ºþÎÞÑÔÒ룻¡¶Î¨Ê¶Ë¼Ïë¡·£¬¸ßÆéÖ±µÀµÈÖø£¬ÀîÊÀ½ÜÒ룬µÈµÈ¡£
¡¡¡¡[6]¡¶Î¨Ê¶ÏµÍ³Ñо¿×ÊÁϼ¯¡·£¬ÁÒά£¬°ÍÀ裬1925Äê³ö°æ£¨Levi, Sylvain. Materiaux pour l'etude du systeme Vijnaptimatra. Paris: Bibliotheque de l'Ecole des Hautes Etudes, 1925£©¡£
¡¡¡¡[7]¡¶³ÉΨʶÂÛ£ºÐþÞʼ¯³É¡·£¨2¾í±¾£©£¬ÆÕÉ­£º°ÍÀ裬1928Äê³ö°æ£¨Louis de la Vallee Poussin. Vijnaptimatratasiddhi: La Siddhi de Hiuan-Tsang. 2 vols£¬Paris, 1928£©¡£Î¤´ï£¨Wei Tat£©½«ÆÕÉ­µÄÒëÎÄתÒëΪӢÎÄ£¬ÌâΪ¡¶³ÉΨʶÂÛ£ºÎ¨Ê¶Ñ§Ëµ[Ô­Îļ°·­Òë]¡·£¬Ïã¸Û1973Äê³ö°æ£¨Ch¡¯eng Wei-Shih Lun: The Doctrine of Mere Consciousness[text and translation]£¬Hongkong, 1973£©¡£
¡¡¡¡[8]¡¶½âÉîÃܾ­¡·£¬À­ÄªÌØÒ룬£¨±È£©Â¬Íò£¬1935Äê³ö°æ£¨Samdhinirmocana Sutra: L'explication des Mysteres. tr.by Etienne Lamotte, Louvain, 1935£©¡£
¡¡¡¡¡¶ÎÞÖøµÄÉã´ó³ËÂÛ¡·£¨La Somme du Grand Vehicule d¡¯Asanga [Mahayanasamgraha]£©£¬À­ÄªÌر༭ºÍ·­Ò룬£¨±È£©Â¬Íò´óѧ¶«·½Ñ§Ñо¿Ëù£¬1938Äê³ö°æ£¬2¾í±¾£¨Louvain-la-Neuve: Universite de Louvain, Institut Orientaliste, Bureaux du Museon, 1938.2 vols£©¡£
¡¡¡¡¡¶´ó³Ë³ÉÒµÂÛ£ºÊÀÇ×ÂÛÐÐΪµÄÔ­µä¡·£¬À­ÄªÌصķ¨Îı¾ÒѾ­±»Àû°Â€·ÆÕ³µÇ£¨Leo Pruden£©×ªÒë³ÉÓ¢ÎÄ£º£¨Karmasiddhiprakarana: the Treatise on Action by Vasubandu£©£¬¼ÓÖݲ®¿ËÀû£¬ÑÇÖÞÈ˳ö°æÉ磬1988Äê³ö°æ£¨Berkeley, CA: Asian Humanities Press, 1988£©¡£
¡¡¡¡[9]£¨1£©¡¶Î¨Ê¶¶þÊ®ÂÛ£ºÊÀÇ×ÂÛΨ±íÏóµÄ¶þÊ®¸öÊ«½ÚÔ­µä¡·£¬ ŦºÚÎÄ£ºÃÀ¹ú¶«·½Ñ§»á£¬1978Äê³ö°æ£¨Wei Shih Er Shih Lun or The Treatise in Twenty Stanzas on Representation-Only by Vasubandhu. New Haven: American Oriental Society, 1938£©¡£
¡¡¡¡£¨2£©Éá¶û°Í´Ä»ù£º¡¶±çÖбßÂÛ¡·£¬°Â˹Äɲ¼ÂÀ¿Ë£¬1970ÄêÖØÓ¡¡££¨Th. Stcherbatsky, Madhyanta-Vibhanga. Osnabruck: Biblio Verlag, 1970rpt£©¡£
¡¡¡¡£¨3£©¸¥ÀïµÂÂü£º¡¶°²»Ý±çÖбßÂÛÊÍ¡·£¬£¨ºÉ£©ÎÚµÃÀÕÖ§£¬1937Äê³ö°æ£¨Friedman, D.L. Sthiramati Madhyantavibhagatika. Utrecht: 1937£©¡£
¡¡¡¡£¨4£©¡¶·ð½ÌµÄ¾­ÑéÂÛ£ºÊÀÇ×ΨʶÖø×÷ÐÂÒë¡·£¬µÂÀ1982Äê³ö°æ£¨A Buddhist Doctrine of Experience: A New Translation of the Works of Vasubandhu the Yogacarin. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, 1982£©¡£
¡¡¡¡£¨5£©¡¶ÊÀÇ×£ºÈý×ÔÐÔ¡·£¬ÂóµÃÑ·£¬Íþ˹¿µÐÁ´óѧ£¬1970Äê³ö°æ£¨Vasubandhu: Three Aspects, Madison, University of Wisconsin, 1970£©¡£
¡¡¡¡£¨6£©¡¶ÊÀÇ×ÆßÖø£º·ð½ÌµÄÐÄÀíѧ˵¡·£¬µÂÀ1984Äê³ö°æ£¨Seven Works of Vasubandhu: the Buddhist Psychological Doctor. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, 1984£©¡£±¾Êé°üÀ¨Òë×ÔèóÎÄ»ò²ØÎĵġ¶Â۹졷¡¢¡¶´ó³ËÎåÔÌÂÛ¡·¡¢¡¶´ó³Ë³ÉÒµÂÛ¡·¡¢¡¶Î¨Ê¶¶þÊ®ÂÛ¡·¡¢¡¶Î¨Ê¶ÈýÊ®ËÌ¡·¡¢ ¡¶Öб߷ֱðÂÛ¡·ºÍ ¡¶Èý×ÔÐÔÙÊ¡·£¬¸½ÓÐèóÎı¾¡¶Î¨Ê¶¶þÊ®ÂÛ¡·¡¢¡¶Î¨Ê¶ÈýÊ®ËÌ¡·¡¢¡¶Öб߷ֱðÂÛ¡·ºÍ¡¶Èý×ÔÐÔÙÊ¡·µÄ´Ê»ã±íºÍ¸½Â¼¡£
¡¡¡¡£¨7£©¡¶ÎÞÖø¡´°¢Åþ´ïÄ¥¼¯ÂÛ¡µÆ¬¶Î¡·£¬ 1947Äê³ö°æ£¨"Fragments from the Abhidarmasamuccaya of Asanga," 1947, J. Bombay Br. RAS, 23:13-38£©¡£
¡¡¡¡£¨8£©¡¶ÎÞÖøµÄ°¢Åþ´ïÄ¥¼¯ÂÛ¡·£¬1950Äê³ö°æ£¨Abhidharmasamuccaya of Asanga, Visva-Bharati Studies 12, Santiniketan, 1950£©¡£
¡¡¡¡£¨9£©¡¶ÎÞÖøµÄÕÜѧ[°¢Åþ´ïÄ¥¼¯ÂÛ]¡·£¬À­ºúÀ­£¬°ÍÀ裺·¨¹úÔ¶¶«Ñ§Ôº£¬1971Äê³ö°æ£¨ Walpola Rahula. Le Compendium de la Super - Doctrine (Philosophie) [Abhidharmasamuccaya] d'Asanga, Paris: Ecole Francaise d'Extreme - Orient, 1971£©¡£
¡¡¡¡£¨10£©¡¶¡´ÆÐÈøµØ³Ö¾­¡µÂÛÍêÃÀìø¶¨Õ¡·£¬£¨"Le chapitre de la Bodhisattvabhumi sur la perfection du Dhyana," Rocznik Orientalisticzny 21:109-28£©¡£
¡¡¡¡[10]¡¶ÀãÙ¤¾­Ñо¿¡·£¬Áåľ´ó×¾Öø£¬£¨ÃÀ£©²¼µÂ£º°ãÈô³ö°æÉ磬1981ÄêÖØÓ¡£¨Suzuki, D. T. Studies in the Lankavatara Sutra. Boulder: Prajna Press, 1981 rpt.£©¡£
¡¡¡¡¡¶ÀãÙ¤¾­¡·£¬Áåľ´ó×¾Ò룬£¨ÃÀ£©²¼µÂ£º°ãÈô³ö°æÉ磬1978ÄêÖØÓ¡£¨The Lankavatara Sutra. Boulder: Prajna Press, 1978 rpt.£©¡£
¡¡¡¡[11]£¨ÃÀ£©Â³Ë÷˹£¨Dan Lusthaus£©Öø£¬ÎºµÂ¶«Ò롶20ÊÀ¼ÍÎ÷·½Î¨Ê¶Ñ§Ñо¿»Ø¹Ë¡·¡¢¡¶Öйú·ðѧԺѧ±¨¡·£¬2002Äê¡£
¡¡¡¡[12]¸µÎ°Ñ«Öø£¬¡¶¹ØÓÚÔµÆð˼ÏëÐγÉÓë·¢Õ¹µÄÚ¹ÊÍѧ¿¼²ì¡·£¬Ì¨Í塶Öлª·ðѧѧ±¨¡·µÚËÄÆÚ£¬1991Äê¡£

¡¡
¡¡
¡¡
Ç°ÎåƪÎÄÕÂ

·ð½ÌÂ×ÀíµÄÌØÉ«

HT·¨Ê¦Ñ¡¼­£ºËØʳÖ÷Ò壨1£©

HT·¨Ê¦Ñ¡¼­£ºËØʳÖ÷Ò壨2£©

ÉÏʦÒäÄî·ðÒ¯¶÷µÂ

ºë´ó³Ë·¨Ö®Á½ÐÖµÜ--ÎÞ׿°ÊÀÇ××æʦ

¡¡

ºóÎåƪÎÄÕÂ

°××åÃÜ×Ú£¨5£©

°××åÃÜ×Ú£¨4£©

°××åÃÜ×Ú£¨3£©

°××åÃÜ×Ú£¨2£©

°××åÃÜ×Ú£¨1£©


¼´ÒԴ˹¦µÂ£¬×¯ÑÏ·ð¾»ÍÁ¡£Éϱ¨ËÄÖض÷£¬Ï¾ÈÈýµÀ¿à¡£Î©Ô¸¼ûÎÅÕߣ¬Ï¤·¢ÆÐÌáÐÄ¡£ÔÚÊÀ¸»¹óÈ«£¬ÍùÉú¼«ÀÖ¹ú¡£
ÎåÃ÷ѧ·ðÍø£¬ÎÄÕÂ×Ü·ÃÎÊÁ¿£º
»ªÈËѧ·ðµÚһѡÔñ £¨2020-2030£©